RRJ - 2013 - Volume 9http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/1242024-03-29T07:05:28Z2024-03-29T07:05:28ZFOUR DECADES OF INLAND FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SRI LANKAWeerakoon, D E Mhttp://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/2332020-02-12T11:30:49Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZFOUR DECADES OF INLAND FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SRI LANKA
Weerakoon, D E M
A capture fishery at the subsistence level was in existence in the 1960s and 1970s with the introduction of O reoch rom is m ossam bicu s into man-made lakes and reservoirs in Sri Lanka in the mid 1950s. With the first policy decision by the government in the early 1970s to enhance fish production from inland water bodies, Chinese and Indian major carps were introduced to Sri Lanka inland water bodies after its successful artificial insemination at the Freshwater Fish Breeding & Experimental Stations (FWFB&ES) at Udawalawe and Dambulla during the mid to late 1970s and 1980s. The government also introduced a boat and fishing gear subsidy scheme and a pond subsidy scheme to enhance inland freshwater fish production during the same period. Under the first Asian Development Bank funded Inland Fisheries & Aquaculture Development Project (IFADP), funds were provided to develop Culture Based Fisheries (CBF) and for shrimp hatchery and farm development. All these efforts by the government succeeded in enhancing inland fish production from 8331 MT in 1970 to 39,900 MT by 1989. With the ceasing of government patronage to inland fisheries and aquaculture development in 1990, the inland fish production dropped to 12,000 MT in 1994. With the re-establishment of government patronage in 1995, the inland fisheries and aquaculture development programmes were recommenced. The shrimp aquaculture programme initiated by the government in mid 1980 continued undeterred due mainly to the resilience of the private sector amid problems of shrimp disease which affected the industry. In order to give greater autonomy to the Inland Fisheries Development Division (IFDB), the National Aquaculture Development Authority (NAQDA) was established by an Act of Parliament in 1998, which took over the overall inland fisheries and aquaculture development, including the shrimp aquaculture and ornamental fish breeding programmes. Inland fish production from capture and aquaculture from 1970 to 2010 is presented in this paper. Also, the government contributions and its effects from 1999 to 2010 after NAQDA was established have been presented and discussed. It is seen that the cost to the government in relation to inland freshwater fish production was Rs. 4.27 per Kg of freshwater fish. During 1999 - and 2010 a total quantity of 439,570,000 Kg of freshwater fish was produced, bringing fn a total revenue of Rs. 43,957,000,000 (Rs. 43.96 BN at the modest rate of Rs. 100 per Kg of freshwater fish), which has been added to the rural economy.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZTransboundary Environmental Issues of Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) and Role of Evolving International Environmental Law ObligationsPriyadarshana, Thttp://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/2322020-02-12T11:24:40Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZTransboundary Environmental Issues of Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) and Role of Evolving International Environmental Law Obligations
Priyadarshana, T
The Bay o f Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) is bordered eight countries, from largest to smallest, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh and Malaysia. The combine total population of BOLME countries account to 1.78 billion, which is equivalent to 25% of the world population. The region comprises rich living and non living resources that sustain major fisheries of the world and energy resources. The current fisheries production is estimated to 6 million tonnes per year, which account to 16% of the world’s marine catch. With the rapid expansions of populations, high dependency on aquatic resources for food, trade, livelihoods and as well as increased land use are having major impacts on the marine ecosystem. Transboundary diagnostic analysis and causal chain analysis has been conducted on overexploitation of the marine living resources, degradation of mangroves, coral reefs and seagrass and marine pollution. Review of causal chain analysis indicates that the existing international environmental regime has failed to adequately deal with the BOBLME countries. As a result, there is little commitment across the world community to the success of the global environmental regime - and little sense of the importance or legitimacy lodged in the institutions that make up this regime. The ecosystem approach is more practical than zones defined by law of the sea to manage oceans with the context of present day issues. LMEs need an active involvement and participation of all multi state stakeholders and sufficient law should be ensured collectively.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZBehavior of Arsenic in hydro geochemical environment A short reviewMaithreepala, R Ahttp://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/2312020-02-12T11:19:37Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZBehavior of Arsenic in hydro geochemical environment A short review
Maithreepala, R A
Recently, the awareness on the arsenic contamination in the environment including-in water and some agricultural crop has become a one o f most important issues among researchers, intellectuals and even among the general public o f Sri Lanka. Although, the route cause for the arsenic contamination in this context is still not clear, it is an important to take precautionary actions to mitigate the effect o f this environmental problem. However, even it is so important the geohydrochemical behavior of arsenic specially, how arsenic comes to water system and under which conditions it happens, what is the behavior of arsenic and which chemical forms of arsenic is toxic are still not well understood by many of Sri Lankans. Therefore the goal of common questions to which answers are this brief article is to provide a description o f basic processes that affect arsenic occurrence and transport by providing som e basic scien tific information on arsenic geohydrochem ical processes
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZReview of Planning and Implementation of Coastal Zone Management in Sri LankaHettiarachchi, SSLSamarawickrama, SPhttp://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/2302020-02-12T11:13:44Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZReview of Planning and Implementation of Coastal Zone Management in Sri Lanka
Hettiarachchi, SSL; Samarawickrama, SP
Sri Lanka is one of the island states to have developed very early and operated fully, a Coastal Management Plan on a national scale. The Coast Conservation Department, by Act of Parliament, has full responsibility for the implementation of the plan. The plan is periodically revised to incorporate emerging challenges, current and projected development trends, in refining policies and guidelines. The paper presents a review of planning and implementation of the coastal zone management in Sri Lanka. It focuses on the approach to coastal zone management via regulation of development activities and environmental protection, second generation and current initiatives, challenges and constraints. The paper concludes with the future outlook, focusing on the role of the Coast Conservation Department and the relevance of the use of integrated coastal zone management frameworks.
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