Oral Presentationshttp://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/82172024-03-28T11:55:57Z2024-03-28T11:55:57ZRational Use of Medicines by Patients in Galle AreaHasandi, W. A. H. N.Perera, B.http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/83462022-09-15T04:29:54Z2018-11-08T00:00:00ZRational Use of Medicines by Patients in Galle Area
Hasandi, W. A. H. N.; Perera, B.
Background: There are many adverse consequences of irrational use of medications.
Irrational use of medications will reduce the quality of treatment which will result in
increased morbidity and mortality, development of resistance to antimicrobial drugs and
increased number of adverse drug reactions. World Health Organization established
prescribing indicators and recommended values to promote rational use of medications.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the rational use of medicines by patients
who attended health care facilities (public & private) in Galle municipality area.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient department
pharmacy of Teaching Hospital and a selected community pharmacies with in Galle
municipality area. Outpatient encounters treated for acute illnesses were included in the
study. Data were collected prospectively using prescriptions and drug used was recorded in
the indicator data collecting sheet.
Results and conclusions: Total of 400 prescriptions were analyzed. Average number of
drugs per encounter was 2.88. The percentage of drugs were prescribed by generic name
was 49.35%. Percentage of encounters with an antibiotic/s and percentage of drugs
prescribed from essential drug list were 52.0% and 72.85% respectively. None of the
encounters observed with an injection prescribed. The results of this study demonstrated that
all the prescribing indicator values were far from recommended level of rational use by
WHO. Specially, in terms of prescribing antibiotics and generic name of medicines.
2018-11-08T00:00:00ZPathogenic Bacterial Spectrum and Susceptibility Pattern in Adult Cancer Patients at Apeksha Hospital, Maharagama – Preliminary FindingsChathuranga, G.Dissanayake, T.Fernando, N.Wanigatunge, C.http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/83452022-09-15T04:25:52Z2018-11-08T00:00:00ZPathogenic Bacterial Spectrum and Susceptibility Pattern in Adult Cancer Patients at Apeksha Hospital, Maharagama – Preliminary Findings
Chathuranga, G.; Dissanayake, T.; Fernando, N.; Wanigatunge, C.
Background: Infectious diseases are an important cause of death among cancer patients.
The main risk factor for infection is neutropenia associated with chemotherapy.
Objectives: To determine the spectrum and the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the
bacteria causing respiratory infections, skin and soft tissue infections (SST) and complicated
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in cancer patients.
Methodology: Cancer patients who were given both immunosuppressive therapy and
parenteral antibiotics, presented with respiratory infections, SST and UTI were included
(n=55). Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from sputum, pus, urine, wound swabs and
bronchio-alveolar lavage specimens.
Results and conclusions: Of the 55 patients, 25 (45.4%) had haematological malignancies
and the rest had solid organ tumours. The most common infection was respiratory infection
(43.6%). Majority of the infections were caused by coliform bacteria (61.8%) followed by
Staphylococcus aureus (16.3%) and Pseudomonas species (10.9%). Of the 9 S. aureus
isolates, 5 were methicillin resistant. Extended spectrum of β-lactamase production was
detected in 20.4% of the coliform bacteria. Inducible clindamycin resistance was observed
in one S. aureus isolate. Multi drug resistance Acinetobacter species was isolated from 4
patients with respiratory infections. One Acinetobacter isolate was resistant to all
recommended antibiotics while the other three were only sensitive to colistin. Higher
resistance rates were observed (>50%) for first line antibiotics in coliform bacteria.
Resistance rates of coliform bacteria for imipenem/meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam
are 48.4% and 74.2% respectively. The highest sensitivity rate of coliform was detected for
amikacin (71%). Coliform bacteria were more prevalent as a pathogen in adult cancer
patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Antibiotic resistance is a main problem when
selecting antibiotics for the treatment in this patient group.
2018-11-08T00:00:00ZMelanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Image Processing and Computer Vision AlgorithmsSivathmeega, S.Rathnayaka, R. M. K. T.http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/83442022-09-15T04:21:48Z2018-11-08T00:00:00ZMelanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Image Processing and Computer Vision Algorithms
Sivathmeega, S.; Rathnayaka, R. M. K. T.
Background: Skin cancer is a common type of cancer in the world. The incidence has been
increasing rapidly all over the world; especially, in recent years, fairly rapid increment can
be seen in melanoma skin cancer patients. Melanoma is a deadliest form of skin cancer,
must be diagnosed earlier as soon as possible for effective treatment. For early diagnosis of
melanoma a skin lesion should be segmented accurately. However, the segmentation of the
melanoma skin cancer lesion using traditional approach is challenging due to the high
number of false positives and time consuming in prediction. Hence, the development of
automated computer vision systems are becoming as essential tools today.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the specific cancer region accurately
compared to traditional approach by examining existing systems, identifying the major
issues of the systems and finding future directions.
Methodology: The proposed methodology was implemented the segmentation for
melanoma skin cancer detection using image processing. A sample of 250 cancer affected
patients’ images were collected from Ethical Review Centre, University of Jaffna, Sri
Lanka. The input for the system was the image of the skin lesion which was speculated to be
a melanoma lesion image, was then pre-processed to upgrade the image quality.
Results and conclusions: According to our finding, the proposed approach could achieve
97.54% sensitivity, 97.69% specificity, and 97.56% accuracy. This tool is more useful for
the rural areas where the experts in the medical field may not be available. Since the tool is
user friendly and robust for images of any quality, it can serve the purpose of automatic
probable diagnosis of the melanoma skin cancer. Finally, the proposed methodology is also
a financially attractive solution, since it runs on ordinary computers, available in the
hospitals too.
2018-11-08T00:00:00ZFormulation of Non-alcohol Based Hand Scrubs with Medicinal Plant Extracts and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial EfficacyKarunanayaka, K. D. S. V.Hettihewa, S. K.Silva, D. D.Karunanayaka, L.http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/83432022-09-15T04:18:11Z2018-11-08T00:00:00ZFormulation of Non-alcohol Based Hand Scrubs with Medicinal Plant Extracts and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy
Karunanayaka, K. D. S. V.; Hettihewa, S. K.; Silva, D. D.; Karunanayaka, L.
Background: Hand hygiene is taken as an effective preventive measure to avoid spread of
antimicrobial resistance.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop non-alcohol based hand scrubs using
natural plant extracts and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy against selective
microorganisms.
Methodology: Two formulations (F1 and F2) of non-alcohol based herbal hand scrubs with
medicinal plant extracts were prepared. F1 formulation was prepared by the combination of
clove oil and medicinal aloe while the F2 formulation by the combination of cinnamon oil
and medicinal aloe as the herbal extracts. Two positive controls and two negative controls
were used. Health care professionals were randomly tested to identify the viable pathogens,
which are present on hands. Among the identified microorganisms, antimicrobial activity
was tested using agar well diffusion method against standard cultures of Candida albicans
and Streptococcus pyogenes identified. The physical stability parameters (pH, odor,
appearance and color) were measured for 90 days at room temperature.
Results and conclusions: F1 and F2 hand scrubs were found to be homogenous liquid and
milky white in colour with a pleasant odor. The mean values of zones of inhibition of F1
hand scrub were 34.67±1.16 mm and 21.00±0.00 mm against C. albicans and S. pyogenes
respectively. The mean values of zones of inhibition of F2 hand scrub were 21.00±3.00 mm
and 12.33±0.58 mm against C. albicans and S. pyogenes respectively. The mean values of
inhibition zones of negative controls (distilled water-N1, glycerin-N2) and 70% ethanol
(positive control-P1) against C. albicans and S. pyogenes were zero (0.00) mm. The mean
values of inhibition zones of the market product (positive control-P2) were 11.30±1.53 mm
and 10.00±0.00 mm against C. albicans and S. pyogenes respectively. It is concluded that
the formulated two non-alcohol based hand scrubs (F1 and F2) have promising antimicrobial
activity against pathogens tested.
2018-11-08T00:00:00Z