http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8204 Proceedings of 1st Research Symposium 2026-04-08T13:56:45Z http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8398 Parents’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding Use of Spectacles in Children in the Age Between Two to Ten years Old Children with Refractive Errors Participating in Eye Clinic at Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo Koralegedara, H.K.G.C.J.K.; Senarathne, S.M.D.T.N.; Kumari, K.A.A.D.; Thakshila, L.W.; Ranathunga, R.G.N.S.; Vithanarachchi, S.L.H.; Kanchana, K.T.G. Background: Globally 123 million people have been affected refractive errors. Among them 19 million are children and 80% of them are visual learners. Objectives: To assess the parents’ knowledge, practice, and factors regarding wearing spectacles among children with refractive errors. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study was done among 350 of parents who have children with refractive errors age between 2-10 years using convenient sampling method. Interviewer administrated pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain data of demographic, knowledge, practice and factors regarding refractive errors and spectacle wearing. Results and conclusions: Majority were age between 5 - 7 years children with refractive error 42.9% and 53.7% were female. 58% of parents’ educational level was up to ordinary level. 51.4% of parents did not know about available treatment method of refractive errors. 56.3% of parent did not obtain knowledge about refractive error. 7.4% of parents were having consanguinity marriage. There were statistically significant associations between, parents’ educational level with knowledge of the parents about wearing spectacles, parents educational level with parents’ knowledge about treatment methods in refractive error and parents knowledge on child’s refractive error with parents knowledge in type of refractive error (p-0.001). There were associations between, age of the child with practice of the parents about wearing spectacle (p-0.043), gender of the child with practice of the parents about wearing spectacles (p-0.023), age of the child with child forgetting or missing of the spectacle (p-0.037), medical history of the child with factors association of spectacles. There were associations between, parents’ educational levels with knowledge of the parents about wearing spectacles, knowledge about treatment methods available for refractive error, parents knowledge on child's refractive error with parent’s knowledge in type of refractive error. 2018-11-08T00:00:00Z http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8395 Patient Related Factors Affecting Accuracy of Fasting Blood Sugar Value among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Kelaniyabandara, K.W.K.B.C.L.; De Silva, W.K.P.; Rathnayaka, R.T.D.K.; Adikari, A.M.S.P.; Nuwansala, H.U.C.; Priyanthi, W.N. Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its complications have risen in Sri Lanka. Although the HbAIc is the most accurate investigation for testing glycaemic control, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test is the most common and the lowest-cost investigation. Objectives: To investigate patient related factors affecting accuracy of Fasting Blood Sugar value of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in diabetic clinic in District General Hospital (DGH), Gampaha in Sri Lanka. Methodology: A cross sectional quantitative approach with a descriptive design was utilized in this study. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection among 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged above 40 years. Data analysis was done by using the SPSS Version 16.0. Results and conclusions: Minority of patients (28.5%) stated that average level of FBS in diabetes patient should be 80-110 mg/dL. Approximately two-thirds of the participants, 63.5% has identified the correct number of hours need to be fasting for FBS test. When considering the overall knowledge level, only 30.5% possessed good knowledge level regarding FBS test. The majority of respondents (84.5%) visit the diabetic clinic and 78% do the test of FBS once a month. Among participants, 91% have taken usual diet on the previous day of the FBS test and 96% have not taken any kind of food or drink during fasting period. Among the participants 54% of the patients were having misconceptions. FBS results showed that 62% of them were not having controlled diabetes mellitus. The results drawn from this study lead to the conclusion of that the type 2 diabetes patients are having an unsatisfactory knowledge regarding FBS test and demonstrated satisfactory practice level. Results revealed that high rate of diet related misconceptions, specially herbal treatment are used for reducing blood sugar. 2018-11-08T00:00:00Z http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8394 A Follow up Study on Antibiotic Compliance of Those Who Take Antibiotic from Outdoor Pharmacy of Teaching Hospital Karapitiya Gamage, T.D.; Mahinda, K.D. Background: Any substance that inhibits the growth and replication of a bacterium or kills it outright can be called as an antibiotic. Misuse of antibiotic lead to global health problem such as antibiotic resistance. The reduction of patient compliance leads to irrational use of antibiotics. Objectives:To study the adherence to antibiotic regimens by patients who take antibiotic from outdoor pharmacy in THK and to identify common types of malpractices leading to non-adherence to the regimens. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted. Patient data were collected in OPD in THK, when patient collect antibiotics from pharmacy. After three days, patient compliance was collected using telephone conversation. Results and conclusions: 43.9% of participants were males. 56.4% of participants were females. 62.35% of participants responded to the follow up telephone calls. 45% of participants showed overall good compliance to the regimen. There was no relationship between socio-demographic data of patients and compliance to the regimen. Better compliance was found with bd (60%) than tds (47.3%) and qds (33%) antibiotic formulations. The antibiotic type with highest compliance was Ciprofloxacin (63.9%). Erythromycin was the antibiotic with least patient compliance. The major reasons for noncompliance were forgetfulness (30.9%), side effects (13.1%), deliberately avoiding (11.4%) and family commitments (11.4%). Overall compliance for antibiotic was unsatisfactory. With the increase of the frequency of regimen, the patient compliance decreased. The patient compliance depended on the complexity of the regimen and the type of the antibiotic. Socio-demographic data was not influenced by the patient compliance. The major reasons for noncompliance were identified as forgetting to take a dose, experience of side effect, family commitments and deliberately avoiding. 2018-11-08T00:00:00Z http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8393 Anticandidal Activity of Ten Selected Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka Nandapala, J.H.Y.P.; Napagoda, M.T.; Weerasinghe, N.P. Background: Candida is commensal yeast that lives harmlessly in the gastrointestinal tract and the oral and vaginal mucosa, and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. These yeasts often cause superficial infections such as vaginitis and mouth sores. However, Antifungals used in the treatment are toxic and have become ineffective due to emerging resistance. Therefore, people are using plant materials which have antimicrobial effect for healing wounds and mouth sores in Ayurveda and traditional medicine. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the anticandidal activity of ten selected medicinal plants i.e. Senna alata (eth-tora), Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass), Sesbania grandiflora (kathurumurunga), Phyllanthus emblica (indian gooseberry), Ricinus communis (castor), Psidium guajava (guvava), Tamarindus indica (tamarind) and Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Methodology: Methanol extractions prepared from each plant were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing against both Candida species, suspensions of 1-2 × 108 organisms/ml was prepared using sterile normal saline for each isolate by comparing with 0.5 McFarland turbidity standards. Sabouraud dextrose agar plates will be inoculated separately with both species. Fluconazole and dichloromethane were used as the positive and negative controls respectively. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined for each plant extract by broth microdilution method. Results and conclusions: The initial concentration of 0.2 g/mL of plant extract showed no clear zone of inhibition, however there was a suppression of growth around the discs of C. aurantiifolia, C. verum, P. emblica and P. guajava against C. Glabrata and in C. Verum against C. albicans. Hence MFC was determined with different concentrations of plant extracts (minumum concentration = 31.25 mg/mL). It revealed an inhibition of growth of C. albicans by C. verum, C. Longa and P. guajava at all the concentrations tested. An inhibition of the growth of C. glabrata was observed in S. Grandiflora, C. verum, P. emblica and P. guajava at all the concentrations tested. The results of this study indicated the anticandidal activity in several selected plant extracts against both Candida species. 2018-11-08T00:00:00Z