Abstract:
Studies were carried out on the fresh water cichlid Oreochromis
niloticus(L.) to evaluate several nutritional parameters, such as the optimum
dietary protein level, salinity level, ration size and feeding frequency.
In the investigations seven isocaloric diets of protein content ranging
from 10-48% by dry weight were utilized. Experiments were carried out
in four salinities viz. 0%p., 5%o, 10%b and 15%o.
Growth of young O.niloticus was consistently better on diets
containing 28-30% protein. Fish grew best at 10%owhen maintained on diets
upto 30% protein while for diets of higher protein content, fish grew best
in fresh water. Lower food conversion ratio and highest protein efficiency
ratio were shown in fry, fed with 28-30% crude protein diets at 10%o»than
in other salinities.
The total digestibility estimates, made using faecal material
accumulated through the night did not significantly differ (p 0.05) from
those estimates based on faecal material collected during the day time
(between 1000. and 1530 h.) between feedings. A significant decrease
of dry matter digestibility and an increase of protein digestibility was
noted when the dietary protein content varied from 22.0-30.4%. Salinity
had nfo significant effect on the digestibility of any of the seven experimental
diets. In O.niloticus the total and protein digestibility showed daily
variations.
When fish were fed with 28-30.0% dietary protein level at a salinity
level of 10%o, the body protein content (64.55%) the percentage protein
retained (50.11%) and the energy content (30.11Kj/g) were at its maximum,
where as the ash content (14.56%) and the moisture content (69.27%) were
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minimum. Further the body lipid content was slightly higher under the
above mentioned conditions. Thus it is clear that the protein deposition,
energy, percentage protein retained, ash and moisture content directly depend
on the dietary protein levels and salinity levels where as the percentage
of body lipid is inversely related to the percentage of protein in fish
carcass.
Optimum ration size and feeding frequency were determined for
O.niloticus fry having a mean weight ranging from 20-3Qng maintained on
six rations (4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% of body weight and ad libitum) and at
five frequencies (five times a day,- three times a day, twice a day, once
a day, once in two days) using 28% protein diet, in fresh water. Highest
growth (15.54% day ^), best food conversion (FCR 4.32) and protein efficiency
(0.83) ratios indicated that a ration of 9% body weight day^ and a frequency
level of twice a day were more suitable for O.niloticus fry.
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