dc.contributor.author |
Hettiarachchi, Manjula Deshapriya |
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2020-02-17T04:33:38Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2020-02-17T04:33:38Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2006-12 |
|
dc.identifier.citation |
Hettiarachchi, Manjula Deshapriya (2006). IMPACT OF INTERACTIONS AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN SUPPLEMENTATION AND FOOD FORTIFICATION : AN INTERVENTIONAL STUDY IN GALLE DISTRICT. Galle, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, SRi LANKA. |
en_US |
dc.identifier.other |
404383 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/xmlui/handle/iruor/245 |
|
dc.description.abstract |
In Sri Lanka, with regard to micronutrient deficiency among adolescents, only iron, iodine
and vitamin A deficiencies have been identified and treated so far but studies elsewhere
have shown that zinc and folate deficiencies could also be a matter of public health concern.
Generally, intervention strategies to combat multiple micronutrient deficiencies include
supplementation, fortification and dietary modification/ diversification.
This study was conducted to determine whether micronutrient deficiencies exist among
adolescents and if so to ascertain the dietary intake of such nutrients in a selected
adolescent population in Galle, Sri Lanka. Recognizing that micronutrient supplements can
only help in the short-term, and long-term intervention should be based on food, we
evaluated the Sri Lankan dietary staple, rice, as a potential vehicle for micronutrient
fortification.
Of 945 adolescents (12-16 years) assessed, stunting, wasting and underweight were found
in 18.4%, 31.2% and 36.4% respectively. Dietary intake of micronutrients (iron, zinc and
folate) and their body storage levels were studied. Anaemia (defined as haemoglobin
<120g/L; 54.8%), iron deficiency anaemia (defined as anaemia with serum ferritin <30/*g/L;
33.9%), and the deficiencies of zinc (defined as serum zinc <9.95/xmol/L; 54.6%) and folate
(defined as serum folate <6.8nmol/L; 53.3%) were highly prevalent, and occurred
concomitantly. For the first time in Sri Lanka a combined iron and zinc supplementation trial
was carried out and the interaction between these two micronutrients were studied by a
placebo-controlled trial. Both iron alone and combined supplementation were effective in
reducing the degree of anaemia. Zinc deficiency improved in both the zinc only and
combined supplementation groups and no interaction was observed.
A survey on the suitability of rice flour for micronutrient fortification showed that 39.3% buy
rice flour from the market and 54.4% buy ready made food items based on rice flour. Based
on this, rice flour was fortified with iron in the form of ferrous sulfate (FeS04); zinc in the form
of zinc oxide (ZnO) at the fortificant level of 60mg per kilogram of rice flour. Folic acid was
mixed to obtain 2 mg per kilogram whereas disodiumEDTA was added in 1:1 molar ratio with
elemental iron as an enhancer to iron and zinc availability. Sensory characteristics (odour,
acceptance, texture and taste) of meals made out of this flour were tested with a sample of
consumers which confirmed that people accepted the fortified elements in rice flour.
The absorption of iron and zinc from fortified rice flour was studied using 57Fe and 58Fe
stable isotopes for iron and 67Zn and 70Zn stable isotopes for zinc in a sample of children of
7-10 years who were randomized into four groups based on the type of fortification. The
highest fractional absorption of iron was seen with FeS04+disodiumEDTA and ZnO (6.1 %±4.4) and the lowest with FeS04 and ZnO (1.9%±1.1). The group who took FeS04
only absorbed 2.5%±1.5 of iron from the meal whereas the group who took FeS04 with
disodiumEDTA had 3.5%±2.0 iron absorption. Fractional absorption of zinc was 13.5% ±
6.0 in the group who took FeS04+disodiumEDTA and with ZnO and 8.8%±2.0 in FeS04 and
ZnO group. These results demonstrated a benefit in adding EDTA to improve both iron and
zinc absorption.
The efficacy of this fortification and possible interaction between iron and zinc was assessed
in same groups by giving 75 g of fortified rice flour according to their group allocation for a
period of four weeks. This study showed that regular consumption of micronutrient-fortified
rice flour for four weeks led to improvements in weight, height and status of iron, zinc and
folate levels. We conclude that fortified rice flour can be used effectively to ameliorate
micronutrient malnutrition in Sri Lanka. |
en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship |
Dr. Venkatesh Iyengar, former head, Human Nutrition Division of
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for the funding of this project and initiating
doctoral research programme whereby improve the quality of research in developing
countries.
The National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka for their financial support given to attend research coordination meeting in Bangalore, 2004. |
en_US |
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
dc.publisher |
University of Ruhuna |
en_US |
dc.relation.ispartofseries |
;404383 |
|
dc.subject |
micronutrients |
en_US |
dc.subject |
food fortification |
en_US |
dc.title |
IMPACT OF INTERACTIONS AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN SUPPLEMENTATION AND FOOD FORTIFICATION |
en_US |
dc.title.alternative |
AN INTERVENTIONAL STUDY IN GALLE DISTRICT |
en_US |
dc.type |
PhD Thesis |
en_US |