STEM CUTTINGS AS PROPAGULES FOR VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CASHEW (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Abstract

Due to the existing variability among the populations and the inability of meeting the current demand for planting materials for large-scale cultivation, cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) requires a promising vegetative propagation method. Stem cutting is the best propagule and needs to induce germination which is restricted in the presence of gum. Wiping of gum secreted onto the cut surface of the stem with three solvents, water, acetone, and kerosene just after and after 5, 10, and 15 min of making the cut was tested to remove the gum. The effect of the presence of apical buds and leaves on the stem cuttings and the application of different types of rooting hormones containing IBA onto the cut surface was tested using three commercial varieties, WUCC-13, WUCC-19, and WUCC-21. Data were analyzed using CATMOD and ANOVA procedures. The results denoted a significant effect of gum solvent for maintaining the cutting viability by giving rise to shoots and callus production (p<0.05). Acetone was the only effective solvent in developing the callus on the cut surface. The application of Indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) indicated a better growth of shoots (p<0.001). Varieties, WUCC-13 and WUCC-21 disclosed better shoot growth. The presence of the apical bud and leaves negatively affected on activation of the axillary buds. Well-developed callus was present on the cut surface indicating the potential of giving rise to adventitious roots.