Modernization and Its Impact on Reproductive Health: A Study on Women in the Estate Sector in Sri Lanka.

Abstract

Modernization has brought new healthcare, education, and media exposure to rural and Estate populations, causing major socioeconomic changes in Sri Lanka in recent decades. However, taboos and conventional cultural standards continue to have a significant impact on reproductive health practices in some regions. This research explores how Estate Tamil women reconcile traditional cultural beliefs with modern reproductive health care offerings. It investigates how traditional views and customs around puberty and childbearing have been affected by modernization. Furthermore, this study examines how cultural norms facilitate or hinder health-seeking behaviours and the obstacles women encounter when accessing healthcare. Using a qualitative research approach, the study focused on 30 families in selected estates in the Southern Province. Interviews with women and key informants revealed that, despite early marriages, there is awareness of family planning methods. New technology has played a role in updating knowledge about family planning among young people, yet traditional practices persist during puberty. Furthermore, the underutilization of health services is linked to gendered power relations, with women prioritizing work and domestic responsibilities over their health. The results indicate that cultural identification, financial restrictions, social pressures, and psychological comfort with established practices all contribute to the maintenance of conventional reproductive health behaviours. The study identifies ways to support community-based interventions that respect traditional customs while providing access to modern healthcare and education, potentially leading to improved reproductive health outcomes.