Blockchain-based Spectrum Leasing for Efficient Utilization of Unused Spectrum.

Abstract

In this technically advanced era, the Internet of Things and Machine-type Communication are becoming more important as the requirement for the wireless spectrum is increasing to unseen levels. Current spectrum management tactics are not providing the desired push to such demand, leading to inefficient utilization of spectrum resources. It is important to note that licensed spectrum bands have certain unused spectrum bands known as “spectrum holes” or “white holes” which could be varied in duration from milliseconds to weeks. To address this inefficiency, this paper describes a blockchain-based solution to develop a decentralized, efficient, and trustworthy platform for leasing spectrum resources, specifically using the Ethereum platform. Based on the Ethereum platform, the proposed system ensures transparency and trust among participants and eliminates the intermediaries' involvement. In contrast with existing blockchain-based spectrum management models, we introduce a dual-mode auction system in which open and closed bids can be performed with enough freedom in two rounds, namely bidding and bid-revealing rounds. In addition to improving the substantive aspects of the platform, a micropayment scheme is integrated to reduce the transaction costs of the spectrum leasing process. The notifications related to payments are integrated into a real-time, notification event-driven system to keep participants aware of the payment status with a seamless experience. The proposed system also features a user-friendly decentralized application that can facilitate easy access and interaction with the marketplace. Thus, this unique trading platform assists in developing a seamless, secure, and transparent spectrum leasing framework. The proposed platform effectively deals with the problems of the conventional spectrum management approach highlighted in this paper and formulates a clear, protected, and expandable environment for flexible spectrum leasing. Spectrum efficiency is enhanced with this concept, addressing the ever-growing demands of Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-Type Communications (MTC) technologies, thereby laying the foundation for a sustainable wireless ecosystem.