09th Academic Session - 2012

Prognostic and predictive parameters of breast cancer: The role of pathologist in the Sr-i Lankan perspective.

2026-05-06T09:01:01Z

Prognostic and predictive parameters of breast cancer: The role of pathologist in the Sr-i Lankan perspective. Mudduwa, Lakmini Breast cancer has been and continues to be a maj,)r health problem. The incidence of breast cancer has increased globally over the la:;t several decades and the greatest increase hac; been seen in Asian countries. It has hecome the commonest cancer in Sri Lanka irrespective <1f the gender. Although breast cancer is a cancer with a good prognosis if detected and treated early, most of 01.1r patients seek medical attention at an advanced stage of the disease. Most of them have high grade tumours. Breast cancer compris('S an extraordinarily diver,e group of diseases in terms of presentation, morphobgy, biological characte istics and clinical behaviour. Tumours of apparently homogenous morphology still vary in response to therapy and have distinct outcomes. Therefore, managemc nt of breast cancer has become a challenging task. The role of the pathologist has evolved parallel to the improvements in the management. The traditic,nal role of pathologist was to diagnose breast cancer. but the emerging challerige is to provide the maximum prognostic and predicth e information so that the b,::st tailored therapy is given to the patient. Prognostic factors are important for forecasting outcomes in individual patients and can be used to refine treatment choices. Predictive factors are measurements associated with the degree of response to a spec fie therapy. At present hormone receptor status is the well defined predictive factor of breast cancer in predicting the responsiveness to hormonal therapy. The recommended prognostic and predictive factors of breast canct:r include age, tumour sire, axillary lymph node status, histological tumour type, pathological grade, horm,Jne receptor status and the Her 2 expression of the tumo'.:. There are many more pathological parameters which are yet to be included in the recommended list. Except for the age of the patient all the othe1· recommended prognostic and predictive factors mentioned are assessed by •:he pathologist. Therefore, the histopathology report is considered the gold stand,trd to decide on the treatment of breast cancer. Hormone receptor status of breast cancer is an essential componhormonal therapy. Patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancers have ., favourable response to endocrine therapy and improved survival. Hormone receptc,r expression of breast cancers in Sri Lanka is low and deviates from the glob:, I pattern. Only 32 to 53% of breast cancer patients in Sri Lanka benefits from hormonal therapy. Measures at national level should b.- taken to increase the early detection of breast cancer to improve the outcome as most of our patients ha, aggressive tumours.ent of surgical pathology report of a breast cancer as it focides the selection of adjuvant

Impacts of wheat flour price increment on rice consumption

2025-09-16T06:31:58Z

Impacts of wheat flour price increment on rice consumption Jayarathne, D.C.A.M.P.; De Silva, W.N.; Rupasena, L.P. Among the food consumed by Sri Lankan, rice becomes the main and wheat comes to the next. Wheat is not cultivated in the countiy causing for drainage in foreign exchange.The government tries to reduce wheat consumption by increasing the price and promoting rice cultivation. Now Sri Lanka has become self sufficient in rice. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of wheat flour price increment on rice consumption. One hundred and fifty households representing urban, rural and estate sectors were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Research revealed that per capita wheat flour consumption was high in the estate sector (3.2 kg) than in urban (1.4 kg) and in rural (0.4 kg) sectors. However, average monthly income had a positive relationship with the consumption in estate sector (0.4744). Wheat price was high for the respondents (mean values for wilcoxon sign rank test - 1.26, -1.42 and -1.42) in all sectors. Urban and rural households consumed wheat in order to have a change in their consumption and estate households preferred wheat because of its easy preparation. Respondents of all three sectors have reduced wheat and bread consumption with the price increment of wheat and increased rice consumption. Urban and rural respondents concerned health factors when consumed wheat flour based food products. Fifty one percent of the respondents stated that quality of the rice based food products should be improved. The study concluded that, although consumers concerned on price of wheat flour, price was not the only factor affected for wheat consumption, Education, income and health factors also affected the wheat consumption. But wheat consumption of estate sector still remained higher. People concerned on rice quality, when they purchased rice. The study recommends that nutrition promotion campaigns are necessary to promote rice consumption. Research should be focused on production of convenient, quality rice based products, and also upgrading the rice/flour milling technology.

Perception of educational environment of undergraduate nursing students in Sri Lanka: Effect of gender

2025-09-16T06:46:23Z

Perception of educational environment of undergraduate nursing students in Sri Lanka: Effect of gender Chandana, N.G.A.S.S.; Hettiarachchi, M. A considerable increase in male admission into the nursing profession demands a better understanding of gender influences on nursing education and practice. The aim of this research was to examine students’ perceptions of the educational environment created by a new nursing curriculum before any changes were made to remedy problems.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තර කළමනාකරණය සඳහා ප්‍රජා සහභාගීත්වය අධ්‍යනය කිරීම

2025-09-16T07:11:02Z

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තර කළමනාකරණය සඳහා ප්‍රජා සහභාගීත්වය අධ්‍යනය කිරීම භාග්‍යා, කේ ඩී පී; අනුෂ්ක, වී ටී පී; ප්‍රසන්න, පී ජී ඒන්; දිල්හානි, ඒම් බී ඒන්; රණසිංහ, ආර් ඒම් ඒන් ඩී; කුමාරි, කේ ඒම් ඒන්; සඳමාලි, පී ඒල් ඒස් ලෝකයේ වැසි වනාන්තර පද්ධති තුලින් නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තර පද්ධතිය සුවිශේෂි වන අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කන්නෙලිය වනින්තරය ද ඊට අයත්වේ. තෙත් කලාපයේ ගාල්ල්,මාතර දිස්ත්‍රීක්කවලට මායිම් ව පිහිටා ඇකි මෙය හෙක්ටයාර 5306 කින් යුතුය. දිනෙන් දින ඉහළයන ලෝක ජනගහනය හමුවේ ඒල්ලවන පීඩනය නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තර හායනයට ද ප්‍රභල බලපෑමක් ‌කෙරේ. ලෝකයේ වනාන්තර කළමනාකරණය ක්‍රමෝපායන් අතරින් ප්‍රජා සහභාගීත්ව ප්‍රවේශය ඉතා ඵලදායීවේ. ඒ් අනුව මෙම අධ්‍යයනය,ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තර කළමනාකරණය සඳහා පුජා සහභාගීත්වය, කන්නෙලිය ඇසුරින් සිදුකරන ලදී.