iRuFARS-2019

Psychosocial Factors Associated with Quality of Life of Patients with Cancer in Southern Sri Lanka

2022-09-21T08:20:13Z

Psychosocial Factors Associated with Quality of Life of Patients with Cancer in Southern Sri Lanka Weeratunga, E.; Senadheera, C.; Hettiarachchi, M.; Ekanayaka, U.; Perera, B. Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide following heart disease; it is a stressful event that may profoundly affect the physical, psychological, social, emotional and spiritual health of the patients and such health issues can change the quality of life (QoL). It is observed that psychosocial factors impair cancer patients‟ QoL, comfort level and treatment compliance, which can affect survival. Objective: The main objective of this study was to examine psychosocial factors associated with QoL of patients with cancer treated at the Teaching Hospital Karapitiya, Galle. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 400 cancer patients treated in the Oncology ward. Data were collected after ethical clearance using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Scales were used to assess psychological distress (PD), depressive symptoms (DS), family support (FS), religious support (RS), coping strategies and QoL of the cancer patients. Results: The mean age was 56 years (range 25-88). The most common cancer type was Brest cancer (24%). The higher prevalence of PD (66%) and a lower prevalence of DS (9%) were reported. FS was the most prominent support system and the majority was used adaptive coping methods. The social QoL was considerably low. FS and PD were the most significant associated factors of QoL. Conclusions: The psychosocial status of cancer patients had impacted their QoL. Psychological distress seems to be major issue rather than their depressive symptoms. Although they had obtained satisfied family support; social QoL was at a lower level. Formal and low-cost psychosocial support services should be provided for needy patients to improve their QoL.

Factors affecting maternal initiated medication practices among Sinhala speaking mothers for preschool children in Godakanda (East) and Uluvitike areas, Galle, Sri Lanka

2024-10-16T09:46:10Z

Factors affecting maternal initiated medication practices among Sinhala speaking mothers for preschool children in Godakanda (East) and Uluvitike areas, Galle, Sri Lanka Prasadi, G.A.M.; Senarathna, L.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Dawson, A. Introduction: Maternal initiated medication practices for children frequently involve over-the counter, traditional and herbal medicines that may be inappropriate and not evidence-based. Objectives: To identify factors affecting self-medication practices among Sinhala speaking mothers of preschool children in Godakanda (East) and Uluvitike areas, Galle, Sri Lanka. Methodology: The study consisted of a survey questionnaire, a qualitative study, and a contrived observational study. Two public health midwifery (PHM) areas were selected to conduct the study. Stratified random sampling was used to select 400 mothers from two PHM areas for both questionnaire survey and contrived observational study. Purposive sampling was used to select mothers for the qualitative study. Results: The prevalence of maternal initiated medication of the children aged between 1 to 5 years of age in the study area was 77.4%. The age of the index child is significantly higher in the group of mothers who have not done maternal initiated medication than the group of mothers who have medicated the index child by themselves (p=0.01). The frequency of maternal initiated medication was significantly higher for younger children than older children (p=0.01). Types of medicine used for maternal initiated medication were independent of socio demographic factors. Most of the mothers obtained medicines from a pharmacy without prescriptions (68.6%). Mothers with a higher level of education (p=0.008) and higher income (p<0.001) were significantly more likely to follow professional information sources than autonomous sources when they practice maternal initiated medication. The qualitative study reported that factors affecting mothers‟ perceptions and attitudes towards mother initiated medication included: previous experiences, perceived idea of formal health care services, perceived impact of illness on the child and family, external influences, understanding of benefits and risks of maternal initiated medication, perceived impact of illness on the child and family. Perceptions assessed include adverse events of pharmaceuticals, toxicity of pharmaceuticals to child‟s body which contributed to noncompliance with the drug therapy and influenced the mother to use traditional or herbal medicines widely for their children. The contrived observational study suggested, only 26.9% of mothers could correctly decide and measure doses of paracetamol within the acceptable range. The rest of the mothers made at least one error in either dose determining or measurement. Only 35.4% of mothers made actual measured doses in acceptable dose range and 55.8% of mothers made small errors. Of all 353 mothers, significantly higher percentage of mothers measured acceptable doses by using 10 ml syringe (88.4%) with compared to measuring cup (60 .6%) (p<0.0001, CI=21.5 - 33.7) and calibrated spoon (26.1%) (p<0.0001, CI=56.1 - 67.5). Conclusions: The prevalence of mother initiated medication for children aged 1 to 5 years of age was higher among the study area. Mothers require healthcare professionals‟ guidance when recognizing illnesses, selecting treatment options and correctly determine and measuring doses of over the counter medicines for young children.

A Study of Phenolic Contents and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Different Solvent Leaf Extracts Obtained from Heen Kekiri/Len Kekiri (Mukia maderaspatana L.) Grown in Sri Lanka

2024-10-23T05:31:31Z

A Study of Phenolic Contents and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Different Solvent Leaf Extracts Obtained from Heen Kekiri/Len Kekiri (Mukia maderaspatana L.) Grown in Sri Lanka Hettihewa, S.K.; Narsuja, S. Background: Hyperphysiological burden of free radicals causes the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants and results in the oxidation of biomolecules. Hence, there is a need to supply exogenous supply of antioxidants of natural origin, where synthetic antioxidant were reported to be carcinogenic. Objectives: To perform qualitative analysis to test the phytochemicals present in different solvent extracts namely, 80% ethanol and water obtained from Mukia maderaspatana leaves. The quantitative tests were performed to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of two solvent extracts obtained from plant Mukia maderaspatana leaves. Methodology: The defatted crude extracts were prepared into 80% aqueous ethanol and water by steeping method and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening tests. TPC and TFC were evaluated by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and aluminium chloride colorimetric method respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Results: The leaf extracts of ethanolic and water obtaıned from M. maderaspatana revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and carbohydrates in both extracts. The TPC values for two extraction solvents were 455.608±64.743 mg GAE/100 g DW of leaves (for water extract) and 269.608±34.050 mg GAE/100 g DW of leaves (for 80% ethanol) respectively. The TFC of the solvent extracts tested were 445.663±101.215 (for water extract) and 100.516±745 mg CAE/100 g DW of the leaves (for 80% ethanol extract). Antioxidant capacity performed by DPPH assay for the different extraction solvents were 0.574±0.062 (for water extract) and 0.286±0.020 (for 80% ethanol extraction) mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g DW of the leaves. Conclusions: Both extracts of M. maderaspatana leaves showed less antioxidant activity and need further investigation.

The Effect of Ion Concentration on the Linearity of 25% Sulfosalicylic Acid Standard Curve

2024-10-11T07:23:33Z

The Effect of Ion Concentration on the Linearity of 25% Sulfosalicylic Acid Standard Curve Jinadasa, A.G.R.G.; Siriwardhana, I.D.; Gunawardana, K.B.; Attanayake, A.P. Background: Sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) test is a well-established semi-quantitative method used for the determination of the total protein content of urine. Previously 25% SSA method was optimized for quantitative determination of total protein of urine in the lower range using a manual spectrophotometric analysis based on a linear standard curve, having distilled water diluent in a dependent dilution series. However, the effect of ion concentration of the diluent on the linearity of the standard curve was not assessed. İt is important to find this relationship, since the analytical sensitivity of the method is dependent on the linearity of the curve. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of ion concentration of the diluent on the linearity of the standard curve in modified 25% SSA method. Methodology: A 200 mg/dL stock solution of bovine serum albumin factor V was prepared in 0.9% sodium chloride and 0.1% sodium azide solvent. The following diluents were used to prepare dependent and independent dilution series of albumin using the above stock solution. I) 0.9% sodium chloride in 0.1% sodium azide. II) 0.45 % sodium chloride in 0.1% sodium azide III) Distilled water. The protein concentrations were measured using modified 25% SSA test. The standard curves were generated for each diluent using Minitab16 statistical software. The best curve was selected considering the linearity range and R2 value of each standard curve. The Intra and inter assay precisions of the selected curve were assessed using two QC levels for method validation. Results: It was observed that the degree of non-linearity of the standard curves increased with increasing ion concentration of the diluent. Highest linearity was observed with distilled water diluent which yielded a linerity range of 0-50 mg/dL, where R2 = 100% for dependent dilution series. Conclusions: The linearity of the standard curve is affected by the ion concentration and the best linearity was observed with distilled water diluent.