http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8214 2026-04-27T06:56:13Z http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8460 A Study of Phenolic Contents and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Different Solvent Leaf Extracts Obtained from Heen Kekiri/Len Kekiri (Mukia maderaspatana L.) Grown in Sri Lanka Hettihewa, S.K.; Narsuja, S. Background: Hyperphysiological burden of free radicals causes the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants and results in the oxidation of biomolecules. Hence, there is a need to supply exogenous supply of antioxidants of natural origin, where synthetic antioxidant were reported to be carcinogenic. Objectives: To perform qualitative analysis to test the phytochemicals present in different solvent extracts namely, 80% ethanol and water obtained from Mukia maderaspatana leaves. The quantitative tests were performed to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of two solvent extracts obtained from plant Mukia maderaspatana leaves. Methodology: The defatted crude extracts were prepared into 80% aqueous ethanol and water by steeping method and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening tests. TPC and TFC were evaluated by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and aluminium chloride colorimetric method respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Results: The leaf extracts of ethanolic and water obtaıned from M. maderaspatana revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and carbohydrates in both extracts. The TPC values for two extraction solvents were 455.608±64.743 mg GAE/100 g DW of leaves (for water extract) and 269.608±34.050 mg GAE/100 g DW of leaves (for 80% ethanol) respectively. The TFC of the solvent extracts tested were 445.663±101.215 (for water extract) and 100.516±745 mg CAE/100 g DW of the leaves (for 80% ethanol extract). Antioxidant capacity performed by DPPH assay for the different extraction solvents were 0.574±0.062 (for water extract) and 0.286±0.020 (for 80% ethanol extraction) mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g DW of the leaves. Conclusions: Both extracts of M. maderaspatana leaves showed less antioxidant activity and need further investigation. 2019-12-05T00:00:00Z http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8459 The Effect of Ion Concentration on the Linearity of 25% Sulfosalicylic Acid Standard Curve Jinadasa, A.G.R.G.; Siriwardhana, I.D.; Gunawardana, K.B.; Attanayake, A.P. Background: Sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) test is a well-established semi-quantitative method used for the determination of the total protein content of urine. Previously 25% SSA method was optimized for quantitative determination of total protein of urine in the lower range using a manual spectrophotometric analysis based on a linear standard curve, having distilled water diluent in a dependent dilution series. However, the effect of ion concentration of the diluent on the linearity of the standard curve was not assessed. İt is important to find this relationship, since the analytical sensitivity of the method is dependent on the linearity of the curve. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of ion concentration of the diluent on the linearity of the standard curve in modified 25% SSA method. Methodology: A 200 mg/dL stock solution of bovine serum albumin factor V was prepared in 0.9% sodium chloride and 0.1% sodium azide solvent. The following diluents were used to prepare dependent and independent dilution series of albumin using the above stock solution. I) 0.9% sodium chloride in 0.1% sodium azide. II) 0.45 % sodium chloride in 0.1% sodium azide III) Distilled water. The protein concentrations were measured using modified 25% SSA test. The standard curves were generated for each diluent using Minitab16 statistical software. The best curve was selected considering the linearity range and R2 value of each standard curve. The Intra and inter assay precisions of the selected curve were assessed using two QC levels for method validation. Results: It was observed that the degree of non-linearity of the standard curves increased with increasing ion concentration of the diluent. Highest linearity was observed with distilled water diluent which yielded a linerity range of 0-50 mg/dL, where R2 = 100% for dependent dilution series. Conclusions: The linearity of the standard curve is affected by the ion concentration and the best linearity was observed with distilled water diluent. 2019-12-05T00:00:00Z http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8458 Prevalence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Variation of Symptoms with Proton Pump Inhibitors Usage Jayawickrama, G.C.P.; Sudeshika, S.H.T.; Nanayakkara, N. Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are more frequent and vary among different stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients who receive various treatment plans. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are prescribed to prevent GI complications of CKD patients worldwide. It is identified as a plausible risk factor for CKD where there is an obvious relationship with a renal disease development. A higher prevalence of bowel symptoms with mainly abnormal bowel habits, bloating and abdominal pain are manifested in patients treated with PPIs. The current study was designed to evaluate whether there is a relationship between PPI usage and the upper GI complications in pre-dialysis CKD patients. Objectives: The major objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of upper GI symptoms in pre-dialysis CKD patients and to compare the variation of GI symptoms with PPI usage. Methodology: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the renal and dialysis unit, Teaching Hospital Kandy through a researcher administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 300 pre-dialysis CKD patients; 243 patients with upper GI symptoms and 57 without upper GI symptoms. The symptoms were identified using 9 items in the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) tool. Results: The overall prevalence of 81% upper GI symptoms was manifested by CKD patients and bloated stomach was more common. Further, patients on PPI showed 86.7% occurrence of upper GI symptoms compared to patients were not on PPI (80%). Bloated stomach, rumbling and burping were more frequent in patients who were on PPI (59%, 43.6% and 43.6%, respectively). Upper GI symptom scale of CKD patients who were on PPI prevailed a significant difference compared to patients who were not on PPI (p= 0.0073). Conclusions: A higher prevalence of upper GI symptoms and variance in upper GI symptoms were experienced by pre-dialysis CKD patients who were on PPI. Therefore, prescribing PPI for CKD patients should be concerned and studied in the future. 2019-12-05T00:00:00Z http://ir.lib.ruh.ac.lk/handle/iruor/8457 Preparation of Wine from Garcinia xanthochymus fruit and Determination of Potential Antioxidant Activity Jayarathna, D.T.G.C.N.; Karunaratne, G.H.R.E.; Udari, A.H.G.S. Background: Garcinia xanthochymus (yellow mangosteen) is a fruit with good nutritional attributes and medicinal values. However, it is a seasonal fruit which has a short shelf-life under the prevailing weather conditions in tropical country such as Sri Lanka. Therefore, production of wine from this fruit can help to increase wine variety in the country and reduce post-harvest losses. Also, wine from this fruit can be used as a medicinal drink. Objectives: To prepare a wine using Garcinia xanthochymus fruit and to conduct sensory evaluation and to determine antioxidant activity. Methodology: Garcinia wine was prepared by fermentation of fruit pulp of G. xanthochymus using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Initially three wine samples of G. xanthochymus were prepared only by changing the sugar percentage, as 0%, 25% and 50%. Primary (21 days) and secondary fermentation (30 days) were carried out for each sample. To select consumer preferred sample sensory evaluation was conducted using 30 untrained panelists for six-point hedonic scale on appearance, color, aroma, texture, taste and overall likeness. Biochemical parameters (titratable acidity, pH and alcohol content) were measured for the selected samples. The prepared wine sample was subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2 - diphenyl, 1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, where ascorbic acid was used as the standard. Results: Sensory analysis indicated that, the wine sample with 0% sugar added had the highest acceptable score (94.7 %) for overall quality. The titratable acidity of the selected wine was 4.65 g/L, the pH value of the wine was 3.4 and it was higher than the natural fruit pH (3.0). G. xanthochymus wine had 6.65 % alcohol content. G. xanthochymus wine was positive for most of tested phytochemicals; alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and tannin, terpenoids coumarin, and cardiac glycosides. The antioxidant assay revealed 74.9% of DPPH scavenging activity. Conclusions: The present study showed that the G. xanthochymus fruit can be used to produce acceptable wine associated with rich antioxidant activity. 2019-12-05T00:00:00Z