Indian Impact on Surgery in Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine: Reviewing from Archaeological and Historical Records.

Abstract

Background: Mihintale ancient hospital situated in Anuradhapura area is considered as the earliest ancient Hospital in Sri Lanka. It provides the facts regarding the status of Sri Lankan traditional medical system in Anuradhapura period. Interaction of Sri Lanka with India is continued from early period in many ways such as politically, culturally and religiously etc. Many people claim that Sri Lankan traditional medicine is an independent and unique medical system practiced in Sri Lanka. However, various resources showcase the interconnection between its specialties and various Asian medical systems. Objective: To evaluate the Indian collaboration on Surgery in Sri Lankan traditional medicine through archaeological and literary evidence Methods: A survey was carried out using archaeological artifacts and chronological evidences including literature sources.

Results: Fourteen edicts and other two separate edicts of inscriptions of king Asoka (273 – 232 BCE) is considered as the first archaeological evidence regarding medical influence of India on Sri Lankan traditional medicine. The Mahavamsa, a meticulously kept Sri Lankan historical chronicle, documented the political relationship with King Devanampiyatissa (247-207 BCE), who ruled Sri Lanka parallel to King Ashoka. Influence on Sri Lankan Traditional Medical System can be found in it. Surgical instruments have been found at Mihintale and Alahana Pirivena ancient hospital sites situated in Sri Lanka resembling features of Yantra and Shastra described in Susruta Samhita. A Sri Lankan traditional medical text 'Sarartha Samgrahaya' by King Buddhadasa (341-370BCE), with its chapter on 'Shalya Chikitsa' and surgical instruments similar to Susruta Samhita, adds another layer to the evidence of Indian influence on surgical practices in Sri Lanka.

Conclusions: These archaeological and historical records prove the development of the Sri Lankan medical system as a part of the medical system in ancient India and regional impact on surgical practice in Sri Lanka, although it has its distinct features unique to the existing continent.