Knowledge on Dental Fluorosis among School Children in Dimbulagala Educational Zone.

Abstract

Background: Dental fluorosis (DF) is a condition that causes discolorations in the teeth enamel seen in some areas in Sri Lanka. DF is characterized as an abnormality in the formation of the enamel structure due to over-exposure to high quantities of fluoride. Objectives: To assess the knowledge level of DF and associated factors among school children in Dimbulagala Educational Zone Methods: A total of 273 children (12-14 years) were enrolled from three randomly selected schools in Dimbulagala Zone. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self administered pre-tested questionnaire. The knowledge level on DF was measured using 11 questions regarding the causes, signs, treatments, and preventive methods of the condition. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 and Chi-square test was used to find the associations. Results: The majority (53.48%, n=146) were female and most of the children (97.8%, n=267) lived in rural areas. The majority (96%), n=262) had inadequate knowledge and only 4% (n=11) had moderately adequate knowledge about DF. Out of all, 67.4% (n=184) were not aware of DF and 77.3% (n=211) were not aware that DF has no cure. Majority of them (56.4%, n=154) were not aware that water source could cause DF. There was a statistically significant association between living area (p=0.001) and knowledge level. There was no association between knowledge level about DF and grade (p=0.294), school (p=0.515), division (p=515), parents’ occupation (p=0.886), monthly income (p=0.643) and gender (p=0.643). The knowledge on DF was comparatively higher among students in urban areas compared to those in rural areas. Conclusion: The majority of students had inadequate knowledge about DF. Therefore, it is important to initiate awareness programs to enhance children’s knowledge on DF.