Effectiveness of Patient Education and Monitoring Insulin Therapy Adherence and Glycaemic Control among Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a complex and prevalent chronic medical condition, that remains a major global health concern. Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, primarily affects young individuals, and is often diagnosed before the age of 40 years. This trend underscores the need for effective strategies to address the unique challenges faced by this demographic. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of patient education and monitoring on insulin therapy adherence and glycaemic control in physically active patients under 40 years of age Method: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted at the endocrine clinic of the District General Hospital in Polonnaruwa for three months. A random sampling technique was employed to assign 100 patients each to a test group and a control group. Patients prescribed insulin for at least three months and age of 40 years or below were included while, patients who were unable to answer and those not prescribed with insulin were excluded. Over the period, the test group received structured interventions, including telephone follow-ups, counselling sessions while the control group received standard care. Clinical measurements were taken and data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: At baseline, the test group had mean FBS 164.5 mg/dL, PPBS 235.6 mg/dL, and HbA1C 8.45%, which reduced to 129.7 mg/dL, 188.2 mg/dL, and 7.28% after three months. The control group showed smaller reductions (FBS 160.4 to 144.3 mg/dL, PPBS 231.8 to 207.4 mg/dL, HbA1C 8.41% to 7.78%). Reductions in FBS, PPBS, and HbA1C were seen in 92%, 90%, and 90% of the test group vs 56%, 60%, and 54% in controls. HbA1C reduction was significantly greater in the test group (-1.17% vs -0.63%, p<0.05). Knowledge improved in 93.09% of the test group vs 14.3% of controls. Conclusion: This study shows that structured education significantly improves glycaemic control and diabetes knowledge in young insulin-dependent patients. Key markers like FBS, PPBS, and HbA1C improved notably in the intervention group. Educated patients were more compliant and engaged in self-management. Empowering patients with information fosters better decision making and self-management in diabetes care.