Formulation of Pre-load Powder Mixture Using Commercially Available Ingredients for Pre-operative Patients

Abstract

Background: In Sri Lanka, pre-operative patients are subjected to mandatory 6-8 hour fasting, leading to significant discomfort. Following Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, the use of carbohydrate-rich clear liquid is recommended to improve patient comfort. Objective: To develop a carbohydrate-rich pre-load drink using commercially available ingredients: corn (Zeya mays) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) to support pre-operative patient care Methods: Corn and cassava starches were wet milled and were enzymatically hydrolyzed separately using α-amylase to produce maltodextrin. Each 50 g pre-load powder mix was packed in low-density polyethylene bags and sealed in tetra aluminum poly bags for storage. Standard AOAC methods were used to analyze proximate composition, physico-functional properties (particle size, bulk and tapped density, water and oil absorption capacities), microbial quality (total plate count, yeast and mold, E. coli, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus), and real-time shelf- life over two months. Results: The carbohydrate content of corn- and cassava-based powders was 99.89±0.59% and 98.66±0.86%, respectively. Crude fiber, protein, and fat contents were minimal. Physico- functional analysis showed total soluble content of 1.16±0.05 (corn) and 1.80±0.10 °Bx (cassava), optimal solubility at 60 °C, pH values near neutral, and similar tapped densities (0.91±0.00 g/cm³). Particle size distributions of 80.00±0.00% for both corn and cassava pre-load powder mixes were determined using the sieve analysis method using calibrated sieves. Water (1.83±0.00%) and oil absorption (0.73±0.00%) capacities were slightly higher in cassava-based powder. Dextrose equivalent values were 16.94±0.08 and 18.12±0.17, respectively. Microbial testing showed no detectable bacteria, yeast, or mold (<1.0 log CFU/g) throughout the storage period. Conclusions: Corn and cassava can be effectively used to develop a carbohydrate-rich pre-load drink powder for pre-operative patients. The formulation is microbiologically stable, aligns with ERAS guidelines, and offers a promising alternative to reduce fasting-related discomfort in surgical settings.