Geospatial approaches for enhancing crop productivity and soil health: A GIS-GPA based framework for climate adaptation in agricultural systems

Abstract

Agricultural systems worldwide are increasingly vulnerable to climate-induced stresses, yet there remains a lack of integrated GIS-GPS frameworks tailored for site-specific climate adaptation. This study aims to develop a GIS-GPS-based framework for site-specific crop and soil management under climate stress, applying geospatial intelligence to enhance resilience and sustainability in agricultural practices. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to assess spatial variability in land use, soil characteristics, topography, and climate patterns, while Global Positioning System (GPS) tools enabled precision field mapping and real-time tracking of crop and soil conditions. The methodology included NDVI analysis, spatial interpolation and thematic mapping to identify zones of soil degradation, nutrient deficiency and climate vulnerability. Results revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in soil pH, organic matter content, and moisture retention capacity. Crop yield improved by 20%, and input costs were reduced by 15%, demonstrating the framework’s potential in real-world settings. These improvements correlated strongly with geospatially mapped zones of soil health and management intervention. The findings suggest that integrating GIS-GPS technologies enables more informed, site-specific decisions in land and resource management, allowing farmers to adapt on both spatial and temporal variability. The study concludes that embedding geospatial approaches in agricultural planning significantly enhances soil stewardship and crop resilience under changing climatic conditions. It further recommends institutional support for GIS-GPS-based decision-support systems, capacity building for extension services and the development of open-access geospatial databases to promote data-driven adaptation strategies. Overall, the proposed geospatial framework provides a scalable, practical, and evidence-based solution to support sustainable food production systems in climate-stressed agricultural environments.