Study about the natural oral rehydration solution from watermelon

Abstract

This study developed a natural fruit-based Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) using watermelon powder, which is hydrating and nutritious due to its natural sugars, potassium and bioactive compounds. Watermelon is often produced in excess, leading to waste. Using it to make ORS helps reduce losses, adds value and promoting sustainability. The research aimed at formulate a viable ORS using watermelon powder, sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended electrolyte equilibrium, osmolarity and pH standards. Three formulations were prepared by varying the proportions of the ingredients in 1 L distilled water. The amounts used were 15g, 20g and 25g of watermelon powder; 2.5g to 3g of sodium chloride; and 2g to 2.5g of sodium bicarbonate. Watermelon powder was prepared by freeze-drying fresh watermelon pieces. The measured values for each formulation were: 15g watermelon powder-Osmolarity 232 ± 2.1 mOsm/L, pH 6.6 ± 0.1, Glucose 13.2 ± 0.3 g/L, Potassium 18 ± 1.1 mmol/L. 20g watermelon powder: Osmolarity 243 ± 1.8 mOsm/L, pH 6.9 ± 0.2, Glucose 15.4 ± 0.4 g/L, Potassium 19 ± 1.3 mmol/L. (25g watermelon powder: Osmolarity 249 ± 2.5 mOsm/L, pH 7.3 ± 0.1, Glucose 17.8 ± 0.2 g/L, Potassium 20 ± 1.0 mmol/L. Among them, Formulation 20g of water melon powder formulation was the most suitable. Formulations with 15g and 20g were within the normal range, whereas the 25g formulation slightly exceeded the osmolarity limit, affecting absorption efficiency, because it was within WHO limits (≤245 mOsm/L, Glucose 13–20 g/L, Potassium 15–25 mmol/L, pH 6.5–7.5), with best taste, stability and electrolyte balance. The study concludes that watermelon powder is a viable, natural and health-promoting alternative for ORS production and recommends further clinical trials be carried to establish its large-scale feasibility.