Saline Toxicity and Antioxidant Response in Oryza sativa: An Updated Review

Abstract

Abiotic stresses such as drought, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, salinity, and mineral toxicity negatively impact the growth and development, yield, and seed quality of crop plants. Presently, abiotic stresses are severely affecting crop yields, resulting in higher economic losses for the farmers. One of the severe consequences of abiotic stresses is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in oxidative stress. However, plants possess antioxidative defense machinery to protect against oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms of antioxidant defense in rice plants have been published in many papers in recent decades. In this review, we aim at summarizing the updated information on physiological interventions in making rice plants more tolerant to salt-induced oxidative stress. We also focused on the understanding of the physiological mechanisms in rice under salinity stress that could facilitate the development of salt-tolerant cultivars. This review aims to know the activity of antioxidant enzymes and other proteins response in saline-stress conditions, and which proteomics and molecular markers were used to assess oxidative stress and antioxidants to discriminate cultivars, genotypes, or species for salt tolerance were also included.