Abstract:
Baseline data were collected on neat cattle farming systems in Pelwatte sugarcane growing areas. Sixty-two farmers were randomly selected from five settlement divisions and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. With the aim of improving the sustainability of farmer income, dairy farming was introduced to these areas by the stake holders as a part time occupation. However, dairying has now become an important viable Family agro-industry for many people, especially due to major involvement of women and children. Main purposes of rearing neat cattle were for milk production and to supply draught power for cane fields and household activities. Atypical herd composition was found with a male to female ratio of 2:5. Main method of feeding was partial grazing. They were tethered in marginal lands, roadside verges, riverbanks etc. for a maximum of approximately of 8 hours during the day and tethered in backyard during the rest of the day. Crop^ residues such as straw; jack of fals were fed to animals by 50% farmers in addition to grazing. Only about 20% farmers cared about calf management practices such as colostrum feeding, naval treatment, deworming, bathing etc. Most of the farmers (95%) offered water only during the rainy season. Only 5%f armers kept records by way of memory. Majority of farmers (85%) were interested in developing feeding strategies with available resources such as sugarcane tops, urea molasses feeds etc. but more extension is needed for this purpose. This system could be classified as a zero input system but farmers have great expectations to obtain sufficient income by selling of milk. The major constraints were; no market facilities for sale of milk and unavailability of water and feed during the dry season. Through a low input system and farmer awareness, this condition could be greatly improved
