Effect of extra work and variations to the project cost: empirical evidence from Sri Lankan road construction industry

Abstract

Extra work and variations are two most important concepts that closely related with construction industry. At present extra work and variations is a common incidence happening in the construction industry. Simply Extra work and variations can be understood as any other work other than that has mentioned at Bills of Quantities. Extra work and variations may occur due to various reasons. It is obvious it will directly effect at Project cost. Expenses and Time are the main reasons that have to be considered in a construction project. If more time has to be spent on extra work and variations, it may be a definite disadvantage to the overall project cost. To minimize extra work and variations is very important for large scale projects as the project risk is also high. Hence finding the root causes for these two anomalies is much important to the construction industry. The factors which will be investigate can be used to take preventive measures in minimize these two variables even though this problem cannot be kept at the zero point.