Effectiveness of Annona muricata (Annonaceae) seed oil against human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)

Abstract

Lice living on farm animals and human body as ecto-parasites are considered to be annoying problem. Some of the debusing formulae are found to be ineffective due to emergence of resistant starins and other health hazards. Therefore, it has become a long felt need to find out an amicable solution to this problem. Annona muricata seeds have been used since time immemorial to control human head lice {Pediculus humanus capitis). Main objectives of this study was to check the effectiveness of seed oil of Annoha against human head louse by conducting bio-assay, preparation of a suitable formula as a shampoo incorporating above extract and check any adverse effect of this product on mammals.A formulation o f shampoo was prepared using the crude oil of Annona muricata. De-ionized water, surfactant (Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate), sodium chloride, citric acid, a natural colourings and a fragrance were used to prepare the shampoo. The licicidal properties of the shampoo formulation were tested in vitro using chicken louse and human head louse in the laboratory. Shampoo did not show any toxic or adverse effect on gunea pigs when applied topically. Further test was carried out on louse infected child who volunteered. Test showed that LT 50 values (30 minutes) were 12, 14,and 25 for 10%, 5%, 2% and 1% respectively for human head lice. After 30 minutes 100% mortality was observed in 10%, 5% and 2% shampoo. Treated persons recovered from head lice infestation without any abnormal symptoms due to treatment. The shampoo prepared with 5% Annona seed oil could be effectively used as a safe botanical licicide for control human head lice.