Abstract:
Precision irrigation systems (PIS) have become a vital solution in countries facing water scarcity
and food insecurities concerns worldwide. PIS provide a focused and effective strategy for the
management of water resources to maximize the yield. On that note, the present study was
conducted with the objectives of examining; (1) applications of PIS to enhance the agricultural
productivity and (2) challenges in using PIS in mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change
in regions facing water scarcity. A systematic review was conducted screening current scholarly
literature (peer reviewed journal articles and reports) published in the English language in the
Scopus database from 2013-2023. We used “precision irrigation systems”, “climate change”,
“sustainable agriculture”, “water scarcity”, “resilience and resistance to weather changes”, and
“technical challenges” as inclusive keywords for the screening process and results were analyzed
using thematic analysis. We discovered that drip and sprinkler micro-irrigation systems fall
within the category of precision water management technologies. They are commonly employed
across the water-deficient regions. However, analysis findings underscore the manifold
advantages of PIS in mitigating the challenges presented by climate change. First, these PIS
facilitate farmers in the precise delivery of water and nutrients to crops, resulting in a reduction
of water wastage by 12% or more. Further, PIS utilize remote sensors, weather data, and advanced
technologies to accurately assess the specific water needs of individual plants. Besides, PIS play a
significant role in promoting sustainable agricultural practices through the conservation of water
resources and the prevention of soil degradation as PIS contribute to the maintenance of soil
moisture equilibrium and the prevention of waterlogging or drought stress by selectively
supplying water to specific areas. Enhanced water management practices have been shown to
positively impact crop productivity while simultaneously reducing dependence on traditional
irrigation methods. With regards to the challenges, the cost of implementation and technology,
technical expertise, data management, site specific adaptability, lack of power supply and
reliability, weaknesses in integration with existing farming practices, declined water quality and
availability, and socio-economic and policy barriers are major constraints in implementing
sustainable PIS to combat changing climate. In conclusion, we suggest that cross-border
technology transfer, site specific solution, and strengthening existing policies and legislation
coupled with raising awareness among stakeholders would be ideal solutions to effectively tackle
the challenges linked to the extensive adoption of these PIS and facilitate their implementation on
a broader scope.
