Abstract:
The study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of five medicinal plants, Asteracantha
longifolia, Asparagus falcatus, Epaltes divaricata, Vetiveria zizanioides and Corriandrum sativum
on carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol induced acute hepatotoxicity in ICR mice. Detailed studies
on three medicinal plants, Asteracantha longifolia, Asparagus falcatus and Vetiveria zizanioides
were carried out to investigate their antioxidative activity. An attempt was also made to study the
toxicological effect of all plant extract used.
Hepatotoxicity was induced by the administration of a single intraperitonial dose of CCI4 (0.5 mL
kg-1 CCI4 in olive oil) in one model and in the other by administration of paracetamol (300 mg kg-1
in saline) orally, after a 16 h fast. An aqueous extract of the whole plant (0.9 g kg-1) was used on pre
and post-treatment basis. All plant extracts were able to protect the liver against changes mediated
by carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol. These results confirm that all plants under investigation
possess antihepatotoxic properties at least against the two hepatotoxins used. Both pre- and posttreatment
with the plant extracts decreased the CCI4 and paracetamol mediated increase in serum
enzyme activities and increased the liver reduced glutathione concentration. Histopathological
studies also provided supportive evidence for the biochemical analysis. The magnitude of
hepatoprotective properties varied among the five plants used. According to the results obtained,
plant extracts used in the study are in the following order of increasing hepatoprotective activity,
Corriandrum sativum, Epaltes divaricata, Vetiveria zizanioides, Asparagus falcatus and
Asteracantha longifolia.
Asteracantha, Asparagus and Vetiveria were selected on the basis of their high level of
hepatoprotective activity for further studies on antioxidant activity. Extracts of all three plants were
able to enhance the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione
reductase and glutathione-S-transferase and reduce the malondialdehyde formation significantly.
The magnitude of antioxidant activity varied in the three plants used and is in the increasing order
from Asteracantha to Asparagus and Vetiveria. Thus Vetiveria has the highest antioxidant activity
compared to the other two plants.
No toxicological effects on liver function, haematological parameters (haemoglobin concentration,
red blood cell count, white blood cell count and packed cell volume) and histopathology of the body
organs were noted in the experimental animals after administering the extracts daily for one month.
General condition of the animals did not change and they remained in good health throughout the
experiment.
Further studies are required to isolate the active constituents of the three effective plants and to find
out the exact mechanism of action.
