Cardiovascular risk among a group of patients with chronic kidney disease: an experience of a comparative study from a low middle income country

Abstract

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is evident that traditional risk factors as well as uraemia related non-traditional risk factors are responsible for the increased CVD risk in CKD patients. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of selected cardiovascular risk factors among patients with end stage renal disease with controls. Methods and Materials Fifty (men=38) consecutive patients with ESRD, awaiting kidney transplant at Teaching Hospitals, Karapitiya and Kandy were included in the study. The control group included fifty (50) age and sex-matched healthy individuals. Data were collected using a questionnaire followed by anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) serum total cholesterol (TCh), triglyceride (TG), high–density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch), phosphorous (SPho), corrected calcium (SCCa), creatinine (SCr), albumin (SAl), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vitamin D (vit.D) concentrations and blood glycated haemoglobin HbA1c were estimated. Results The mean age of the patient group was 44(10) years. Compared to controls, mean TCh (p<0.001), LDL (p<0.001), SCCa (p<0.001) and S.Al (p<0.001) levels were significantly lower among patients. HbA1c (p=0.053), SPho (p=0.001) and SCr (p<0.001) levels were significantly higher among patients with CKD compared to controls. In patients median serum vit .D (p=0.001) level was significantly lower while serum Hs-CRP (p=0.001) and IL-6 (p=0.003) levels were significantly higher, compared to controls. Conclusion Traditional and non-traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease are prevalent among patients with end stage renal disease, despite the treatment and renal replacement therapy.