Abstract:
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the most transformative technology of the 21st century
and directs a new approach to shift healthcare through rapid advancement. It provides the path for
clinicians to interpret the patient level in greater depth. Enthusiasm for applications of AI in
healthcare has continued to grow.
Objective: To provide a comprehensive understanding of the types and applications of AI in
healthcare and diagnostic interpretations
Methods: The review was performed systematically using the terms; “Artificial intelligence”
AND “Healthcare” AND “Applications” AND “Diagnosis” from March 2024 to April 2024 on
four databases; Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify the
publications between 2015 and 2024.
Results: Thirty-five articles were eligible from the initial search strategy of 2860 studies. Of
these, nine definitions for AI were identified. AI is the imitation of human cognitive functions
through several forms of computer software. Upon the organization of evidence, three types of AI;
artificial neural networks including convolutional neural networks, machine learning, and modern
deep learning were identified. Findings revealed that; digital consultation, robot-assisted surgery,
patient interaction and chatbots, clinical trials, support evidence-based decision-making, drug
development, and biomedical information processing as the applications of AI. Neurodegenerative
disorders, cardio-vascular disease: progression, mortality and hospital stay, bladder volume,
through medical image, cancer, epidemic, and psychiatric re-admission were identified as
diagnostic interpretations.
Conclusion: To identify the role of AI’s potential to enhance healthcare, careful design,
implementation, and evaluation of AI-enabled systems will be important. Health ministries and
hospital administration are recommended to enhance the utilization of AI in clinical practice to
improve the quality of care. In the era of modern AI, healthcare workers need to be enriched with
skills in applying AI techniques in the health field by engaging in training programs related to AI.
